Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

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What is the toxic product that results from the metabolism of methyl alcohol?

Acetaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Acetic acid
Ethylene glycol

The correct answer is: Formaldehyde

The toxic product that results from the metabolism of methyl alcohol, also known as methanol, is formaldehyde. When methanol is metabolized in the liver, it is first converted into formaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Formaldehyde itself is highly toxic and can cause various health issues, including metabolic acidosis and central nervous system effects. Subsequently, formaldehyde is further metabolized to formic acid, which can contribute to additional toxicity and lead to complications such as damage to the optic nerve and potential blindness. Recognizing formaldehyde as a key toxic intermediate in methanol metabolism is crucial for understanding the harmful effects of methanol ingestion and the importance of prompt medical intervention.